Melan-A (26-35) peptide (EAAGIGILTV) – Immunology – Antigens/Epitotes/Pools/Librairies

Native Melan-A (26-35) decapeptide derives from the melanocyte lineage-specific protein Melan-A/MART-1 (UniProtKB - Q16655),which is expressed in almost 75-100% of primary and metastatic melanomas. Melan-A,also known as melanoma antigen,recognized by T-cells 1 (Th1) or MART-1 cells,is a 118 amino acids (AA) type III transmembrane protein,consisting in a 26 AA extracellular region (AA 1-26) and a 71 AA cytoplasmic domain. The latter is only expressed on the surface of melanocytes,melanoma,and retinal pigment epithelium cells,but not in other normal tissues. This unique feature is used in anatomic pathology for melanocytic differentiation that is useful to diagnose melanomas. The latter is found in the Golgi apparatus but the inversion of its membrane topology leads to its retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Human Melan-A is involved in melanosome biogenesis by maintaining the stability of GPR143 and its vital role in the functioning of glycoprotein-100 (gp100),also known as the melanocyte protein (PMEL),which is a critical player in the formation of stage II melanosomes. The region 26-35 of Melan-A protein acts as an antigenic peptide that is recognized by CD8+ tumor-reactive cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for designing antigen-specific cancer vaccines. It has been shown that CD8+ Melan-A-specific CTLs isolated from melanoma patients efficiently lyse the Melan-A-expressing HLA-A*0201 melanoma cell line. However,CTLs preferentially recognize the Melan-A (26-35) peptide as compared with the Melan-A (27-35) peptide. It has been reported that the concentration of Melan-A (26-35) required to obtain 50% of maximal antigenic activity is EC50 = 0.25 nM and that 20 nM was enough to achieve 50% inhibition of tumor lysis (IC50). Moreover,the high stability of Melan-A (26-35) peptide in human serum (t1/2 = 45 min rather than 5 min for the Melan-A (27-35) nonapeptide) placed Melan-A (26-35) peptide as an antigen of choice for promising cancer vaccines development. IC-PEPTIDE also offers the A27L version of Melan-A (26-35) peptide,as well as its scrambled version (see sections "Melan-A (26-35) A27L peptide" & "Melan-A (26-35) scrambled").

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